Bratisl Med J
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The present study investigated the role of redox balance, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in Tramadol (Tra)-induced testicular toxicity. ⋯ The present results suggest that Tra exposure may lead to reproductive toxicity due to the loss of the antioxidant defence system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways (Tab. 4, Fig. 5, Ref. 63).
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Podocytes dysfunction including the cell integrity, apoptosis and inflammation plays crucial role in diabetic nephropathy. Current exploration evaluated the protective role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in high glucose-treated podocytes and the underlying mechanisms. ⋯ This study suggests that EPA protects against podocytes dysfunction by regulating SREBP-1 and these findings provide a better understanding for diabetic nephropathy and a novel therapeutic strategy (Fig. 7, Ref. 24).
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Diabetes is one of the most common diseases which can attenuate brain function by destroying hippocampus neurons, while reelin is a largely secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein in the hippocampus causing synaptic plasticity, promoting postsynaptic structures and maturing neurons. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of exercise, as an external factor for neurogenesis in the brain, on reelin levels and memory improvement in diabetic rats. ⋯ Diabetes reduced the spatial memory without altering the reelin levels while exercise improved spatial memory without altering the reelin levels (Fig. 4, Ref. 33).