Bratisl Med J
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Using neural stem cells (NSCs) in cell therapy and regenerative medicine is a growing knowledge. In this study, the protective role of carnosic acid and trehalose against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in autophagy induction and apoptosis inhibition in NSCs was investigated. ⋯ Due to the carnosic acid and trehalose unique properties and its low toxicity, it can be used as an agent in cellular transplantation for reducing oxidative stress and inducing autophagy (Fig. 4, Ref. 37).
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Post-operative behavioural disorders in paediatric anaesthesia caused by anaesthetics and sedatives.
Neurotoxicity of anaesthetics have become one of the most discussed problems in paediatric anaesthesiology. The experimental studies on animal models have shown that the anaesthetics used in general anaesthesia should have an influence on neurodegenerative processes, neuroapoptosis and irregulated death of the neuronal cells. Because of this fact, scientists are trying to discover the possibilities of how to minimize the adverse effects of anaesthesia and revise the other alternatives of prevention of anaesthesia-induced maladaptive behavioural disorders (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 21). Keywords: neurotoxicity of anaesthetics, maladaptive behavioural disorders, mechanism of neurotoxicity, post-anaesthetic behavioural changes in children, future of paediatric anaesthesiology.
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Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units worldwide. Vitamins C and E are natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Suppressing the inflammation is an important treatment target because it plays a role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamins C and E treatment in rats with sepsis-induced lung damage. ⋯ The rats treated either with vitamin C or E showed improved results for sepsis. We think that they can be used as adjuvant therapy for septic patients because of their effectivity and low costs (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 27).
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Piperlongumine (PL), an alkaloid from the Piper longum plant, is acknowledged for various biological properties. The study aimed to explore the protective effect of PL on ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) in rat kidney. ⋯ PL exhibits a protective effect against inflammation and oxidation in ischemia reperfusion animals (Fig. 5, Ref. 32).
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Epilepsy is a widespread and mainly severe neurological condition portrayed by recurring spontaneous seizures caused by the brain's abnormal electrical activity. According to new research, inflammation may be both a result and the cause of epileptic seizures. The highest zinc levels in the brain have been found in the hippocampus which is one of the most studied regions of the brain regarding epilepsy. ⋯ In this study, we evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal zinc administration on seizure activity in murine PTZ model. Rats received either intraperitoneal (IP) zinc sulfate at two different dosages (50-100 mg/kg) or a placebo followed by pentylenetetrazole (IP), a strong seizure-inducing drug. The spike percentages were considerably lower in the PTZ (35 mg/kg) and 50 or 100 mg/kg zinc-treated groups (A3 and A4) than in the PTZ (35 mg/kg) and saline-treated group (A2; p may be used as an adjuvant therapy in combination with other antiepileptic drugs in the future (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 27) Keywords: anti-seizure effect of zinc, epilepsy, abnormal electrical activity, antiepileptic drugs, rat model.