Bratisl Med J
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The relevance of the stated topic of scientific research is determined by the fact that stroke is still the most important medical and social problem both in the world as a whole and in the Republic of Kazakhstan in particular due to high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability. In addition, cerebrovascular diseases occupy one of the leading places in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality, second only to coronary heart disease in Kazakhstan as well as around the world. The purpose of this research work is to study the features of gas exchange and brain metabolism during the revascularization of the carotid arteries. ⋯ The results obtained in this research work indicate high efficiency of carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting in finding ways to solve problems with cerebral circulation in patients suffering from carotid artery stenosis, as well as with the need for further use of these methods in clinical practice. The results obtained in the course of this scientific study, as well as the conclusions formulated on their basis, are of significant practical importance in terms of creating effective methods for treatment of patients recovering after a stroke, as well as for prevention of occurrence and development of stroke (Tab. 4, Ref. 20). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: carotid artery stenting, carotid endarterectomy, ischemic stroke, atherosclerosis, heart attack.
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The objective of the research is to determine the levels of vitamin D and trace elements in the umbilical cord blood, as well as to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics in premature newborns with congenital pneumonia. ⋯ Our results demonstrated a high prevalence of 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency in premature newborns. A significant relationship has been shown between the respiratory status of vitamin D and presence of congenital pneumonia in premature newborns. The analysis also showed that the content of trace elements in premature newborns plays an immunomodulatory role and affects the susceptibility and outcome of the infectious process. Thrombocytopenia in premature newborns may be an early biomarker for monitoring congenital pneumonia (Tab. 2, Ref. 28). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: congenital pneumonia, premature newborn, vitamin D, trace elements, mass spectrometry.
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Human Merkel cells (MCs) were first described by Friedrich S. Merkel in 1875 and named "Tastzellen" (touch cells). Merkel cells are mainly located in the basal layer of the epidermis and are concentrated in touch-sensitive areas. ⋯ At about the 7th week EGA, they first time appear in the volar skin and start to occupy the place of future primary ridges at 10 weeks EGA. It will be interesting to study their presence or absence in individuals suffering with abnormal dermatoglyphics and also to study whether the skin diseases associated with altered dermatoglyphics display some deviation regarding the distribution and density of MCs in primary ridges (Fig. 2, Ref. 40). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: Merkel cells, development, primary ridges, fingerprints, CK-20.
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The pregnancy is accepted as an independent risk factor for restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was recently reported in the pathophysiology of RLS/WED. In this report, we investigated the relationship between the presence of RLS/WED and the levels of NLR in pregnancy. ⋯ These results may suggest that an increased inflammation demonstrated by the increased NLR, may, in part, play a role in higher prevalence of RLS/WED in pregnancy, especially in late gestational weeks (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 34). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease, pregnancy, inflammation.
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The relevance of the study is conditioned by the problem of implantation of an artificial cardiac pacemaker in atrial fibrillation in patients with tachy-brady syndrome according to the standard scheme related to the presence of a congenital anomaly, such as persistent left superior vena cava. The purpose of the study is to develop an operative method of implantation of a permanent two-chamber pacemaker in patients with tachy-brady syndrome with concomitant pathology of the persistent left superior vena cava. ⋯ The study presents a developed model of surgical implantation of a permanent two-chamber pacemaker to stabilise the condition of patients with atrial fibrillation related to tachy-brady syndrome with concomitant persistent left superior vena cava; the standard implantation mechanism included the introduction of a radiopaque agent to clarify the anatomical structure of the vascular bed, further, its entry from the subclavian veins into the persistent left superior vena cava and into the cavity of the right atrium through the venous coronary sinus was detected, and then a gradual introduction of an endocardial right ventricular electrode was performed into the subclavian vein through the tricuspid valve along with its further positioning in the apex of the right ventricle; therefore, a permanent two-chamber pacemaker can be successfully installed, creating conditions for restoring sinus rhythm in this group of patients, which is of practical importance for the field of medicine (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 20). Keywords: atrial fibrillation, persistent left superior vena cava, sick sinus syndrome, pacemaker implantation, cardiac surgery.