Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisBuprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence.
Buprenorphine has been reported as an alternative to methadone for maintenance treatment of opioid dependence, but differing results are reported concerning its relative effectiveness indicating the need for an integrative review. ⋯ Buprenorphine is an effective intervention for use in the maintenance treatment of heroin dependence, but it is less effective than methadone delivered at adequate dosages.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyPeribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery.
Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Unless medically contraindicated, cataract surgery is usually performed under local (regional) anaesthesia. Local anaesthesia involves the blockage of a nerve subserving a given part of the body by infiltration of the area around the nerve with local anaesthetic. The two main approaches in the eye are retrobulbar and peribulbar. There is debate over whether the peribulbar approach provides more effective and safer anaesthesia for cataract surgery than retrobulbar block. ⋯ There is little to choose between peribulbar and retrobulbar block in terms of anaesthesia and akinesia during surgery in terms of acceptability to patients, need for additional injections and development of severe complications. Severe local or systemic complications were rare in PB and RB.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisAcyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is a highly contagious infection of the oral cavity which typically affects children but can also occur in adults. Symptoms may vary widely from mild discomfort to life-threatening encephalitis. ⋯ We found two relevant trials in this systematic review, only one of them could provide some weak evidence that acyclovir is an effective treatment in reducing the number of oral lesions, preventing the development of new extraoral lesions, decreasing the number of individuals with difficulties experienced in eating and drinking and reducing hospital admission for children under 6 years of age with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisProbiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and nosocomial sepsis are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Through prevention of bacterial migration across the mucosa, competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria, and enhancing the immune responses of the host, prophylactic enteral probiotics (live microbial supplements) may play a role in reducing NEC and associated morbidity. ⋯ Enteral supplementation of probiotics reduced the risk of severe NEC and mortality in preterm infants. This analysis supports a change in practice in premature infants > 1000 g at birth. Data regarding outcome of ELBW infants could not be extracted from the available studies; therefore, a reliable estimate of the safety and efficacy of administration of probiotic supplements cannot be made in this high risk group. A large randomized controlled trial is required to investigate the potential benefits and safety profile of probiotics supplementation in ELBW infants.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisIschaemic preconditioning for liver transplantation.
Ischaemic preconditioning is a mechanism for reducing organ ischaemia reperfusion injury by a brief period of organ ischaemia. ⋯ There is currently no evidence to support or refute the use of ischaemic preconditioning in donor liver retrievals. Further studies are necessary to identify the optimal ischaemic preconditioning stimulus. Further randomised clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the role of ischaemic preconditioning in donor liver retrievals involving a period of warm reperfusion, following ischaemic preconditioning during donor liver retrieval.