Cochrane Db Syst Rev
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisDevices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is used to support preterm infants recently extubated, those experiencing significant apnoea of prematurity and those with respiratory distress soon after birth as an alternative to intubation and ventilation. This review focuses exclusively on identifying the most effective pressure source and interface for NCPAP delivery in preterm infants. ⋯ Short binasal prong devices are more effective than single prongs in reducing the rate of re-intubation. Although the Infant Flow Driver appears more effective than Medicorp prongs the most effective short binasal prong device remains to be determined. The improvement in respiratory parameters with short binasal prongs suggests they are more effective than nasopharyngeal CPAP in the treatment of early RDS. Further studies incorporating longer-term outcomes are required. Studies are also needed to determine the optimal pressure source for the delivery of NCPAP.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisDevices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is used to support preterm infants recently extubated, those experiencing significant apnoea of prematurity and those with respiratory distress soon after birth as an alternative to intubation and ventilation. This review focuses exclusively on identifying the most effective pressure source and interface for NCPAP delivery in preterm infants. ⋯ Short binasal prong devices are more effective than single prongs in reducing the rate of re-intubation. Although the Infant Flow Driver appears more effective than Medicorp prongs the most effective short binasal prong device remains to be determined. The improvement in respiratory parameters with short binasal prongs suggests they are more effective than nasopharyngeal CPAP in the treatment of early RDS. Further studies incorporating longer-term outcomes are required. Studies are also needed to determine the optimal pressure source for the delivery of NCPAP.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisBeta-2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The release of kinins is thought to be an important factor in the development of cerebral vasogenic oedema and the use of beta-2 receptor antagonists, which prevent the release of these kinins, have been proposed as a potential therapeutic intervention. ⋯ There is no reliable evidence that beta-2 receptor antagonists are effective in reducing mortality or disability after TBI. Further well conducted randomised controlled trials are required.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisBeta-2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The release of kinins is thought to be an important factor in the development of cerebral vasogenic oedema and the use of beta-2 receptor antagonists, which prevent the release of these kinins, have been proposed as a potential therapeutic intervention. ⋯ There is no reliable evidence that beta-2 receptor antagonists are effective in reducing mortality or disability after TBI. Further well conducted randomised controlled trials are required.
-
Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key factor involved in the development of pre-eclampsia. Supplementing women with antioxidants during pregnancy may help to counteract oxidative stress and thereby prevent or delay the onset of pre-eclampsia. ⋯ Evidence from this review does not support routine antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and other serious complications in pregnancy.