Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Visual phenomena are of many different kinds; their differential diagnosis is usually possible with directed history-taking. In this review, we describe common visual phenomena that must be distinguished from a migraine aura. ⋯ Patients with visual phenomena typically consult physicians from various medical specialties. A correct differential diagnosis can be made based on the history if the physician views the symptoms in their overall context to determine the particular disease entity that is responsible.
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30-80% of patients being treated in intensive care units in the perioperative period develop hyperglycemia. This stress hyperglycemia is induced and maintained by inflammatory-endocrine and iatrogenic stimuli and generally requires treatment. There is uncertainty regarding the optimal blood glucose targets for patients with diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Optimal blood sugar control for diabetic patients in intensive care meets the dual objectives of avoiding hypoglycemia while keeping the blood glucose concentration under 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL). Nutrition therapy in accordance with the relevant guidelines is an indispensable pre - requisite.