Dtsch Arztebl Int
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There is an ongoing need for clear explanation of the diagnostic entity called "irreversible loss of brain function" (ILBF), as the absolute reliability of this diagnosis and its significance continue to be widely misunderstood. The determination of death as an objective medical-scientific matter is often not clearly distinguished from various other aspects of death, such as its metaphysical and cultural aspects and the ways in which the living deal with the dead. ⋯ ILBF is a reliable sign that a human being is dead. There has never been even one known case of incorrect determination of ILBF after proper application of the standardized diagnostic procedures that are set down in the guideline according to §16 of the German Transplantation Law.
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Seasickness and travel sickness are classic types of motion illness. Modern simulation systems and virtual reality representations can also induce comparable symptoms. Such manifestations can be alleviated or prevented by various measures. ⋯ The various types of motion sickness can be treated with general measures to lessen the intersensory conflict, behavioral changes, and drugs.
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Gait velocity and maximum walking distance are central parameters for measuring the success of rehabilitation of gait after a stroke. The goal of this study was to provide an overview of current evidence on the rehabilitation of gait after a stroke. ⋯ In comparison to conventional gait rehabilitation, gait training assisted by end-effector apparatus leads to a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in gait velocity and maximum walking distance after stroke, while treadmill training with body weight support leads to a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in maximum walking distance.
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The incidence of penile cancer in Europe lies in the range of 0.9 to 2.1 cases per 100 000 persons per year. Carcinogenesis is associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and with chronic inflammation. ⋯ Penile cancer is curable in all early stages with the appropriate treatment, but its prognosis depends crucially on the proper management of the regional (i.e., inguinal) lymph nodes. In many countries, the treatment of this rare disease entity has been centralized.
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Excess weight, low physical activity, low intakes of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables, and high meat and salt intake increase cancer risk. ⋯ A considerable proportion of cancer cases are attributable to excess weight, physical inactivity, and unhealthy dietary habits. Major prevention efforts are needed to reduce the cancer incidence attributable to these avoidable factors.