Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Gallstone disease affects up to 20% of the European population, and cholelithiasis is the most common reason for hospitalization in gastroenterology. ⋯ The timing of treatment for gallstone disease is an essential determinant of therapeutic success.
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In Germany, 17-23% of the population suffers from chronic itching of the skin; in 5-10% of cases, the female genitalia are affected, specifically, the vulva. Vulvar pruritus is thus a common symptom that often markedly impairs the affected women's quality of life. ⋯ As vulvar pruritus has multiple causes, standard- ization of its diagnostic evaluation and treatment would be l efficacy and to meet the diverse needs of women who suffer from this condition.
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Genetic mosaics arise through new mutations occurring after fertiliza- tion (i.e., postzygotic mutations). Mosaics have been described in recent years as the cause of many different disorders; many of these are neurocutaneous diseases and syndromal developmental disorders, each with a characteristic phenotype. In some of these disorders, there is a genetic predisposition to the development of tumors. This article is intended as an overview of selected mosaic diseases. ⋯ The possibility of a mosaic disease should be kept in mind in the diag- nostic evaluation of patients with asymmetrical growth disturbances, focal neuronal migration disturbances, vascular malformations, and linear skin abnormalities. The demonstration of a postzygotic mutation often affords relief to the parents of an affected child, since this means that there is no increased risk for recurrence of the same disorder in future children. Correct classification is important, as molecular available for certain mosaic diseases, e.g., PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) disorder.
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Urinary tract infections are among the more common types of nosocomial infection in Germany and are associated with catheters in more than 60% of cases. With increasing rates of antibiotic resistance worldwide, it is essential to distinguish catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria from catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). ⋯ Various measures, including careful consideration of the indication for catheterization, leaving catheters in place for the shortest possible time, and the training of nursing personnel, can effectively lower the incidence of CA-UTI. The eous in some respects, and thus no recommendations can be given on certain questions relevant to CA-UTI.
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Atraumatic hip pain in children is one of the most common symptoms with which pediatricians, orthopedists, and general practitioners are confronted, with an incidence of 148 cases per 100 000 persons per year. ⋯ The underlying cause of hip pain in children should be diagnosed early to avoid adverse sequelae.