Dtsch Arztebl Int
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There are no up-to-date, representative studies on the frequency of maltreatment (abuse or neglect) among children and adolescents in Germany. ⋯ The frequencies of various types of abuse and neglect of children and adolescents that were retrospectively determined in this up-to-date study by questionnaire of a representative sample of the German population, and the correlations between them, correspond to those found in a German population-based study in 1995 and in recent American studies.
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Sunlight induces a wide variety of dermatoses. Their differential diagnosis is problematic not only because of similar phenotypes, but also because of confusing nomenclature and classification. ⋯ Photodermatoses are not life-threatening but can cause considerable suffering. Prevention is just as important as treatment.
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Euro 1.1 billion were spent in 2009 for disease management programs (DMPs) in Germany, among them the DMP for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Earlier studies of DMPs failed to take sufficient account of patient- and physician-related selection effects. We used innovative methods to study the medical benefit of the DMP for T2DM among insurees of the Techniker Krankenkasse, a German health insurance provider. ⋯ The current DMP for T2DM in Germany is not adequately effective. This study does not reveal any clear medical benefit from DMP participation. Selection effects were largely eliminated by means of a sophisticated control group design. Analyses of other DMPs with this method are currently being planned.