Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a mortality of more than 30%. Only about 30% of patients with SAB recover sufficiently to return to independent living. ⋯ SAH is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate diagnosis, transfer to a neurovascular center, and treatment without delay.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, early-onset, persistent developmental disorder of childhood and adolescence, with a prevalence of approximately 5%. ⋯ Translational research is needed to clarify the etiology of ADHD. Epidemiological studies published since 1987 do not reveal any increase in the prevalence of ADHD among children and adolescents. Improved diagnosis necessitates an evidence-based and need-adapted approach to treatment.
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Review Meta Analysis
Cognitive Reserve and the Risk of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in 10 to 54% of older patients during the first few weeks after surgery, but little is known about risk factors predisposing to POCD. ⋯ Patients with a relatively higher level of education are at reduced risk of POCD. Risk stratification of surgical patients according to educational level may prove useful.
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Review Meta Analysis
Cognitive Reserve and the Risk of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in 10 to 54% of older patients during the first few weeks after surgery, but little is known about risk factors predisposing to POCD. ⋯ Patients with a relatively higher level of education are at reduced risk of POCD. Risk stratification of surgical patients according to educational level may prove useful.
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In 0.5-4% of pregnancies, the prospective mother sustains a primary infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). An HCMV infection of the fetus in the first or second trimester can cause complex post-encephalitic impairment of the infant brain, leading to motor and mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, retinal defects, and progressive hearing loss. ⋯ In the absence of an active vaccine against HCMV, counseling about hygienic measures may currently be the single most effective way to prevent congenital HCMV infection. Moreover, HCMV serologic testing is recommended in the guideline of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften, AWMF). Further randomized trials of treatment with HIG and with valaciclovir are urgently needed so that the options for the prevention and treatment of congenital HCMV infection can be assessed.