Gac Med Mex
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Antiretroviral treatment for HIV generates dyslipidemia, which is associated with cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis. ⋯ ATV-containing regimens were associated with more favorable changes in triglyceride and HDL levels than EFV regimens. This benefit could be associated with a reduction in long-term cardiovascular risk; this relationship requires further study.
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In the context of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, one of the great challenges is to generate effective strategies for the control of nosocomial infections, specifically in psychiatric hospitals with populations considered at risk (older adults or individuals with comorbidities). This article describes the strategies for prevention, containment and treatment of infection transmission implemented during a COVID-19 outbreak that occurred in July 2020 in a psychiatric hospital of the State of Mexico. The population was comprised by women with prolonged hospital stay (mean = 24 years), mostly geriatric (mean = 64 years), with various psychiatric disorders and comorbidities. ⋯ There were no alterations in mental state, psychiatric symptoms or underlying diseases. Algorithms were developed for the management and treatment of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases. Finally, the generation of comprehensive strategies, quick and timely actions, as well as adequate management of human resources favoring interdisciplinary work, were deemed to have contributed to contain and mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak, which constitutes a precedent in the psychiatric field with institutionalized patients.
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Dyspepsia comprises a group of symptoms that can have organic or functional origin. The purpose of this study was to describe the main causes of dyspepsia and its clinical evolution in children cared for in a tertiary care hospital. ⋯ In children with dyspepsia, organic causes should first be ruled out before dyspepsia being characterized as functional. In general terms, we consider that a stepped approach that includes endoscopy with biopsy, search for H. pylori and hydrogen breath test is necessary.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant global impact due to the millions of deaths it has caused secondary to respiratory failure. However, the disease has also been associated with a wide array of manifestations in other organ systems. ⋯ Parosmias are a type of olfactory dysfunction characterized by altered perception of odors, which can reflect both damage at some level of the olfactory tract, as well as the possibility of reversibility of said damage. The present manuscript describes possible olfactory disturbances associated with COVID-19, their pathophysiology, and potential clinical significance.
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Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Chest computed tomography (CCT), as a diagnostic complement, classifies tomographic findings according to the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS). ⋯ Early diagnosis plays a decisive role in the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia. Although RT-PCR is current gold standard, false negatives are common; for this reason, CCT helps to confirm suspected cases, even at early stages. This imaging technique is an accessible and fundamental study for classification, diagnosis and prognosis.