Int J Med Sci
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Coronary microembolization (CME) is defined as atherosclerotic plaque erosion, spontaneous rupture, or rupture of the plaque while undergoing interventional therapy resulting in the formation of tiny emboli that obstruct the coronary microcirculatory system. For percutaneous coronary intervention, CME is a major complication, with a periprocedural incidence of up to 25%. ⋯ The aim of this review is to summarize the currently known molecular mechanisms underlying CME. Further investigations of the RCD mechanisms may unravel new avenues for the prevention and treatment of CME.
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Allergic diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory disorders driven by abnormal immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of allergic diseases by modulating T cell responses. Extensive progress has been made in characterizing crucial roles of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of immune cell functions. ⋯ In this review, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of DCs, and how the cellular microenvironment shapes DC function. We also elucidate the metabolic regulation of DC biology in the context of allergic diseases and targeted therapeutic strategies based on DC metabolism regulation. Understanding the functional alterations in DCs during allergic responses and the underlying mechanisms governing its metabolic regulation is crucial for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation. The diverse pathogenic mechanisms underlying COPD progression remain incompletely understood. Macrophages, serving as the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, constitute the first line of innate immune defense and maintain pulmonary immunological homeostasis. ⋯ Notably, the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of macrophage molecular heterogeneity in COPD. Herein, we review principal investigations concerning the sophisticated mechanisms through which pulmonary macrophages influence COPD, encompassing inflammatory mediator production, protease/antiprotease release, and phagocytic activity. Additionally, we synthesize findings from available literature regarding all identified pulmonary macrophage sub-populations in COPD, thereby advancing our comprehension of macrophage heterogeneity's significance in the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of COPD.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Catheter Ablation in Patients with Paroxysmal Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.
Background: The efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been established, but the efficacy and safety of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) and pulsed field ablation (PFA) remain unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 223 patients with paroxysmal non-valvular AF and HFpEF who underwent their first AF ablation between January 2017 and December 2021 and were divided into RFA (n = 77), CBA (n = 127), and PFA (n = 19) groups. Results: After a mean follow-up of 11.2 ± 1.8 months, no significant differences were observed in the rates of AF recurrence among the groups (P = 0.964). ⋯ RFA and PFA were associated with improved quality of life, improved NYHA functional classification, reversal of atrial remodeling, and increased LVEF. While CBA improved quality of life and NYHA functional status, it did not reverse atrial remodeling or increase LVEF. ALB and NT-pro BNP levels were identified as independent predictors of AF recurrence post-ablation in HFpEF patients.
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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with worse surgical outcomes, and is a risk factor for bladder cancer and subsequent oncological outcomes. This study evaluated outcomes robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) compared to open radical cystectomy (ORC) in patients with DM. Materials and Methods: Data of adults ≥ 18 years old with DM who underwent radical cystectomy were extracted from the United States National Inpatient Sample database 2005-2018. ⋯ Of patients < 70 years old, RARC was significantly associated with decreased odds for urinary complications (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.84) and wound and device-related complications (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.94) compared to ORC. In patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 0-1, RARC was associated with a lower risk of urinary complications (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.98) and wound and device-related complications (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.93) compared to ORC. Conclusions: In patients with DM and bladder cancer, RARC appears to be associated with better short-term outcomes in terms of reduced risks of prolonged LOS, unfavorable discharge, urinary complications, and wound and device-related complications compared to ORC.