J Formos Med Assoc
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Observational Study
Occurrence of trigeminocardiac reflex during dental implant surgery: An observational prospective study.
Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a clinical phenomenon that manifests as s sudden onset of hemodynamic perturbations. TCR has been reported in cranio-maxillofacial surgery resulting in severe medical risks. Monitoring the hemodynamic changes during cranio-maxillofacial surgery can provide important information to ensure the continuous evaluation of patient's physical conditions. This prospective observational study was conducted to determine the hemodynamic alterations related to the possibly of occurrence of TCR in patients during dental implant surgery. ⋯ A significant HR and BP reduction possibly due to TCR can occur during dental implant surgery. Therefore, the dentists should monitor the hemodynamic changes during dental implant surgery to prevent the possible occurrence of medical risks related to TCR.
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Cumulative evidence suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) function as biosignatures of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). However, the functional roles of miR-1 as well as its downstream targets in the regulation of tumorigenicity in OSCC remain unclear. ⋯ miR-1 as novel biosignatures in OSCC lymph node metastatic patients, supporting the development of novel strategies for OSCC treatment.
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TGF-β1 is an important growth factor that may influence the odontoblast differentiation and matrix deposition in the reactionary/reparative dentinogenesis to dental caries or other tooth injuries. TGF-β1 exerts its effects through various signaling pathways, such as Smads and MAPKs. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a membrane-associated enzyme that produces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) at sites of pulpal injury and inflammation, which leads to tissue swelling, redness and pain. The purposes of this study were to investigate the differential signal transduction pathways of TGF-β1 that mediate COX-2 stimulation and PGE2 production in dental pulp cells. ⋯ TGF-β1 increased the COX-2 and PGE2 level of cultured pulp cells. The effect of TGF-β1 on COX-2 protein expression was associated with ALK5/Smad2/3 and MEK/ERK pathways. These events are important in the early inflammation, repair and regeneration of dental pulp in response to injury.
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Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen-presenting cells. This study assessed the LC counts in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs). ⋯ A significant association of inflammation grade with the number of LCs in OKCs is found. The paucity of finding LCs in the lining epithelia of OKCs without inflammation indicates the loss of immunosurveillance ability against the OKC lining epithelial cells; this can explain why OKCs have aggressive clinical behavior, a great growth potential, and a high recurrence rate.