J Formos Med Assoc
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The purpose of the work is to analyze population adaptation to SARS-CoV-2 in Europe in March-May 2020, predict herd immunity formation in the nearest several months on the basis of our SIR modified epidemiological model of the virus spread and elaborate recommendations to governments regarding a second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ In case of a second wave of COVID-19 disease in Europe, it will coincide with seasonal common cold surge, spanning from mid-September 2020 to mid-February 2021, with a median in November-December 2020. Strict epidemiological surveillance must be observed in Europe at that time.
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Regulatory T-cell (Treg) defects may cause autoreactivity of both T and B cells, leading to autoimmune disease including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The immune response defects in SLE are characterized by the decreased expression of CD4, CD25, and Foxp3, known as inducible Treg (iTreg). Therefore, restoring iTreg expression can reverse autoimmunity states into immune tolerances leading to normal immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties to control inflammatory milieu, including in SLE inflammation by releasing TGFβ1, IL10, and PGE2, thus MSCs can potentially generate iTreg cells. However, the mechanisms of MSC-released TGFβ1 to promote iTreg generation in human SLE remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the role of MSC-released TGFβ1 in generating CD4+, CD25+, and Foxp3+ expression in iTreg cells from human SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). ⋯ MSCs promote iTreg cells generation from human SLE PBMCs by releasing TGFβ1 to control SLE disease.
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The neurosensory disturbance is a common complication following sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) whereas the shortest buccal bone marrow (SBM) is an important risk factor. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occurrence rates of SBM among three skeletal patterns. ⋯ Class III had a significantly higher occurrence of probability (SBM < 1 mm) than Class II. Therefore, patients with Class III were more likely to experience postoperative neurosensory abnormalities and unfavorable split than patients with Class II.
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The transbrachial approach (TBA) is an alternative method to the transfemoral approach (TFA). We herein aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TBA for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke. ⋯ The TBA for EVT is a suitable alternative when adoption of the TFA is difficult or impossible.
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Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, is known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage during oral cancer progression. This study aim to evaluate whether melatonin, an antioxidant, supported or repressed the arecoline-induced carcinogenesis phenotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). ⋯ These results indicated that melatonin is a potential chemopreventive agent for betel quid chewers to prevent OSCC initiation and progression.