J Natl Med Assoc
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The damage control laparotomy is an advancement in the management of massively injured trauma victims. Mortality for this group of patients remains high but some can be saved using staged abdominal reconstruction for trauma. Massive liver injuries, pelvic trauma, and retroperitoneal injury are some of the indications for this approach. ⋯ It must be emphasized that abdominal packing must not be used without repairing major vascular injuries. Premature packing and inadequate packing also should be avoided. This staged approach to abdominal trauma is not a panacea; however, improved trauma care is possible if this technique is used carefully.
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Comparative Study
Major salivary gland flow rates in young and old, generally healthy African Americans and whites.
Saliva is essential to maintain and preserve oral health. Previous studies of primarily white populations demonstrated that salivary gland flow rates are age-stable in healthy adults, but there are little data on African Americans of different ages. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between age, gender, and race in unstimulated and stimulated parotid and submandibular salivary gland flow rates and to evaluate subjective responses to questions regarding salivary dysfunction. ⋯ The results indicate, in general, that objective and subjective measurements of major salivary gland flow rates are independent of age, gender, and race. Further studies are required using larger populations. These results suggest that signs and symptoms of dry mouth in the elderly regardless of race or gender should not be considered a normal sequela of aging.