J Natl Med Assoc
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Review Meta Analysis
A Systematic Review of Race and Ethnicity in Hepatitis C Clinical Trial Enrollment.
The African American/Black population in the United States (US) is disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and has lower response rates to current treatments. This analysis evaluates the participation of African American/Blacks in North American and European HCV clinical trials. The data source for this analysis was the PubMed database. ⋯ There was a statistically significant difference among the expected and observed participation of African Americans in HCV clinical trials in North America based on the prevalence of this disease within the population. The burden of HCV among African Americans in North America is not reflected in those clinical trials designed to treat HCV. Research on minority participation in clinical trials and how to increase minority participation in clinical trials is needed.
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Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit four samples of Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in three metropolitan areas to measure HIV prevalence and sexual and drug use behaviors. We compared demographic and behavioral risk characteristics of participants across sites, assessed the extent to which the RDS statistical adjustment procedure provides estimates that differ from the crude results, and summarized our experiences using RDS. ⋯ Our experience in using RDS among Black and Latino MSM resulted in diverse recruitment patterns and uncertainties in the estimated HIV prevalence and risk behaviors by study site.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effectiveness of Interventions to Increase Physical Activity Among Minority Populations: An Umbrella Review.
Numerous interventions have been tested to increase physical activity (PA) among minority adults, and several review papers have examined the results from these studies. The primary purpose of this umbrella review is to summarize evidence from existing reviews regarding effectiveness of PA interventions in minority populations. ⋯ Integrated and narrative reviews were unable to validly determine the characteristics of effective interventions. Future reviews should employ meta-analytic methods in order to quantitatively identify those intervention characteristics that are most likely to increase PA behavior in minority adults.
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Race differences in chronic conditions and disability are well established; however, little is known about the association between specific chronic conditions and disability in African Americans. This is important because African Americans have higher rates and earlier onset of both chronic conditions and disability than white Americans. ⋯ Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Web of Science database.
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Comparative Study
The Epidemiology of Infant Mortality in the Greater Newark, New Jersey Area: A New Look at an Old Problem.
This research had institutional review board approval from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and the State of New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. IRB #0120110286 BACKGROUND: The death rate during the first year of life, or infant mortality rate (IMR), is a key indicator of a nation's health. Many factors affect IMR in the United States, including race and ethnicity. The 2020 U.S. Healthy People IMR target goal has been revised to 6.0 deaths per 1,000 births. In 2006, the IMR in New Jersey was 5.5 deaths per 1,000 births, ranging from 4.4 for Caucasians, to 11.5 for African Americans. ⋯ Race/ethnicity, marital status, and zip code of residence show significant impact upon infant mortality. Poverty and race/ethnicity are associated with increased IMRs and track to ZIP code.