J Natl Med Assoc
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Cultural competence and patient centeredness are approaches to improving healthcare quality that have been promoted extensively in recent years. In this paper, we explore the historical evolution of both cultural competence and patient centeredness. ⋯ We conclude that, although the concepts have had different histories and foci, many of the core features of cultural competence and patient centeredness are the same. Each approach holds promise for improving the quality of healthcare for individual patients, communities and populations.
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Health literacy influences a patient's ability to read and understand labels on medicine containers, appointment slips, informed-consent documents and medical instructions--all of which are considered basic health documents that a patient encounters in healthcare settings. Previous research suggests Spanish-speaking patients have low levels of health literacy. This study compares the functional health literacy (FHL) of Spanish- and English-speaking adult patients in a suburban emergency department (ED). ⋯ The majority of Spanish-speaking subjects have less-than-adequate FHL. Self-reported reading ability and years of school completed appear to predict FHL and may be clinically useful. Due to the disproportionately low level of health literacy among Spanish-speaking patients demonstrated in this and previous studies, future efforts should focus on developing programs that improve health literacy by providing this population with oral translations and pictorial and video instructions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomized trial comparing web-based decision aids on prostate cancer knowledge for African-American men.
Few decision aids are tailored for African-American men. We sought to determine if web-based decision aids increased knowledge of prostate cancer screening among African men. ⋯ We found evidence that the enhanced web decision aid was significantly more effective than the usual care decision aid in promoting knowledge of the benefits, limitations and risks of prostate cancer screening. Web-based sites may be effective in facilitating discussions about screening between patients and health care providers.
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Persistent, painful cervical lymphadenopathy associated with malaise that does not respond to oral antibiotics may be cat-scratch disease. This condition is challenging to treat and may require surgical intervention. ⋯ Although the reported incidence of cat-scratch disease is higher in whites, primary care physicians should include cat-scratch disease in their differential diagnosis for African-American patients with regional lymphadenopathy, which is a hallmark of the disease. In addition, primary care physicians should be familiar with the atypical presentations of cat-scratch disease and the broad differential diagnosis for regional lymphadenopathy, including sarcoidosis, which is more common in African Americans.
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To examine adult-child interactions related to soda consumption in families where 1 inner-city African-American or Latino adult with diabetes is attempting lifestyle changes. ⋯ These in-depth family interviews suggest that interventions intended to change adult consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may also benefit their children, and this hypothesis merits further investigation in larger studies. A new diabetes diagnosis may motivate adults toward dietary change and provide opportunities to improve overall family health. Healthcare providers should emphasize decreasing availability of soda for everyone in the home.