J Natl Med Assoc
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Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a progressive disorder that usually culminates in right ventricular failure and death without treatment. ⋯ African Americans with IPAH exhibit a substantially increased mortality compared with Caucasians, particularly African-American women.
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HIV and AIDS disproportionately affect African Americans more than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Representing only 13% of the U. ⋯ The present incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the black community in the United States is of crisis proportions. The situation as it stands today is tantamount to a state of emergency for African Americans.
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It is estimated that nearly half of all African-American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) living in major U. S. cities are already infected with HIV. ⋯ In this paper, we briefly review what is known and what research questions remain in order to curtail the epidemic among AAMSM. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research that include the: 1) development of a national cohort of young AAMSM to prospectively study biological, behavioral, social and contextual factors that place AAMSM at risk for infection with HIV and other STDs; 2) adapting existing interventions in HIV prevention to the unique characteristics of AAMSM and evaluating their effectiveness; 3) evaluating factors such as intracommunity and familial discrimination against AAMSM that may lead to lack of disclosure; and 4) enhancing our understanding of how cultural and social factors can be used in a positive and self-affirming way to strengthen HIV prevention and care for AAMSM.
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Incarceration is a crisis among African Americans, and the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in incarcerated men and women is 3-5 times that of the general population. We explore the potential implications of the widespread incarceration of African Americans on HIV risk and HIV outcomes in: 1) the current and formerly incarcerated, 2) their sexual partners, and 3) the communities impacted by incarceration. We set forth a research agenda for understanding and ameliorating the negative impacts incarceration and conclude that the African-American population's ability to successfully address the HIV/AIDS epidemic requires a coordinated and evidence-based response to the challenge of effectively preventing, managing and treating HIV in populations affected by incarceration.