Niger J Clin Pract
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The systematic review aimed to report the prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Electronic databases were searched for scientific research articles published from January 2010 until December 2020. The data search was performed in electronic search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Saudi Digital Library. ⋯ Similar to tobacco smoking, e-cigarette usage is a major public health issue and concern among the younger population because they have potential benefits in some and are harmful to some and also it is still unclear whether they are effective for quitting smoking. Regulatory bodies must focus and initiate strict laws and policies to minimize the sales of these products to the younger population. Health promotion strategies need to be developed to reduce the usage of e-cigarettes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Impact of the individual counseling program for polycystic ovarya syndrome management among university students: A prospective randomized controlled trial.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common in women of reproductive age. ⋯ Individual counseling improved the anthropometric measurements and the clinical findings related to PCOS.
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Schistosomiasis is a neglected infectious tropical disease that is second in occurrence only to hookworm infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Presently, chemotherapy is the main method of control and treatment of this disease due to the absence of a vaccine. ⋯ A number of plant-derived compounds, including alkaloids, terpenes and phenolics, have displayed in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Schistosoma species. This review explores how the application of nanotechnology can improve the efficacy of these plant-derived schistosomicidal compounds through the use of nano-enabled drug delivery systems to improve bioavailability.
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Assessment of intravascular volume status is important in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency departments and pediatric intensive care units. Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index are used to evaluate the intravascular volume status in adults. The normal range of IVC diameter is available for adults and the normal range considered for adults is between 1.7 to 2.1 cm, but such normative data is limited for children of all ages. ⋯ We believe that our IVC and aorta diameter measurements obtained from a large number of participants may be used as reference values in emergency departments and intensive care units.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies seen in the Western World. It is increasing in developing countries due to adaptation of the western lifestyle with an incidence of 6% in Nigeria. Treatment options are dependent on the stage of disease at presentation, the performance status of the patient, and increasingly the molecular makeup of the tumor. There is a dearth of data on the treatment options obtainable for the management and outcome of CRC cases in Northwestern, Nigeria. ⋯ The study showed that stage at presentation and the available treatment options in the hospital informed treatment offered to the patients. However, surgery was readily performed due to the pattern of presentation and most patients benefited from just a diverting colostomy. Majority of the patients presented with rectal tumor which required radiotherapy as part of its treatment modality, although this is still a luxury in this part of the world. Chemotherapy is also readily available and often prescribed. Cost and limited facility for biomarker (K-ras) testing restrict the use of targeted therapy. Outcome at 1-year follow-up was poor with whereabouts of nearly half of the patients unknown.