Pak J Med Sci
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum neuron-specific enolase (sNSE) levels and gender, age, body mass index (BMI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ⋯ Serum NSE gradually increased with the severity of COPD and its change reflected changes in brain cells. PH, PO2, pack-years and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), were independent risk factors for COPD patients.
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The study aimed to determine vitamin D status and frequency of its determinants related to diet, clothing, lifestyle and exposure to sunlight among young healthy medical students living in Karachi, Pakistan. ⋯ Deficiency of vitamin D is common among healthy young adults particularly females which emphasize need to add vitamin D supplements in their routine diet.