Pak J Med Sci
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Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death, and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. Pakistan has an overwhelming burden of TB and it is a major health hazard for the majority of the rural population. The lung continues to be the most common site of involvement and even after completion of treatment residual changes remain which may affect quality of life. ⋯ Post TB sequelae can be categorized into parenchymal, airway disease, pleural/chest wall, vascular and mediastinal. These residual changes can be minor however, some can be debilitating and even fatal. The purpose of this pictorial review is to show the spectrum of residual changes seen on chest radiography and/or computed tomography that persist after treatment completion and bacteriological cure.
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Case Reports
Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty for isolated pyloric stricture caused by corrosive ingestion in children.
Corrosive ingestion in children is a common problem in low income countries. These agents cause injuries and later strictures of esophagus and stomach. Gastric outlet obstruction is known complication of acids and surgery is the mainstay of treatment. ⋯ All three patients had an initial latent period of one to two weeks following corrosive ingestion, after which symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction appeared. Intraoperatively, all three had normal esophagus and antrum but scarred and strictured pylorus. Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty was done in these cases without complications and the outcomes were satisfactory.
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Occupational and environmental pollution have become an imperative jeopardy for developing devastating metabolic diseases. Limited animal model studies have examined the impact of exposure to cement dust on metabolic conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-diabetes and Type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) among non-smoking cement mill workers. ⋯ Exposure to cement dust was associated with an increased prevalence of pre- diabetes and T2DM among cement industry employees.
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To compare the effects of uterine compression suture versus conventional mode of treatment for the management of postpartum haemorrhage after caesarean section. ⋯ Uterine compression suture is effective for postpartum hemorrhage of cesarean section, which can effectively reduce postpartum hemorrhage, shorten postpartum hemorrhage time and accelerate the recovery. It is safe and worth clinical promotion.
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Childbirth ranks amongst the most painful experiences a woman has to endure. In developing countries issues related to awareness, acceptability and availability of analgesia exist. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices for labor analgesia amongst healthcare workers and patients. ⋯ There is a wide gap between knowledge and practice of labor analgesia. Healthcare workers have a role in educating women, to be advocates for labor analgesia and to educate patients timely for this service.