Pak J Med Sci
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To determine the relationship of C-peptide levels with duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ The study found that subjects with longer duration of T1DM had non-significantly decreased C-peptide levels compared to a group in which C-peptide was measured at or soon after diagnosis. Furthermore, C-peptide levels in many subjects with longer duration were higher than expected in classic T1DM.
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To assess age standardized prevalence of tobacco use in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. ⋯ The prevalence of tobacco use is high. As a sub paper of a large national survey, this evidence is expected to serve as an important tool to plan larger studies leading in turn to develop strategies for a successful tobacco control program in the country.
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Leishmaniasis is endemic in Saudi Arabia with cases reported in many regions. This review refers to publications on leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia and discusses issues related to parasite species, clinical manifestation and diagnosis. ⋯ This report summarizes the potential risks for VL and CL in Saudi Arabia in areas known to be non-endemic. There are substantial gaps in knowledge and practices in regard to leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the need for more research and medical surveillance targeting the disease in humans and animals.
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To assess the prevalence of domestic violence, associated risk factors, and its impacts on women's mental health in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. ⋯ We found higher level of domestic violence, associated risk factors, and poor mental health of abused women in GB.
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To assess the frequency of wrist pain in students due to mobile phone usage, and impact of usage hours and screen size of mobile phones on pain and disability at wrist joint. ⋯ It appears that wrist pain is common among mobile phone users and an increase in use of mobile phones increased pain and disability of wrist joint. In addition, it seems that screen size of mobile phone has no significant effect on pain and disability of wrist joint.