Pak J Med Sci
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Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world. Current contraceptive use in Pakistan is only 26% despite being one of the leading countries in Asia to launch National family planning programs. Major constraint of acceptability among women is the lack of awareness and implementation of contraceptive methods. The objective of this study was to explore the reasons behind this behavior. ⋯ The education of women and awareness score are independent predictors of contraceptive practice in women. Hence by educating mothers and increasing awareness through various means, practice of contraception can be increased. There is much room to improve the working of family health clinics and LHV.
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To measure the efficacy and safety of surfactant administered by MIST and INSURE to neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. ⋯ Surfactant therapy through MIST is effective and there is significantly reduced need of IMV than in INSURE. Safety profile though could not achieve statistical significance yet determines less risk of complications associated with MIST than INSURE.RCT Registration Number: TCTR20210627001.
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Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a phenomenon of unknown etiology that results in the loss of hard dental tissue. To have a successful outcome for a tooth affected by ICR, correct diagnosis and management are needed. With the introduction of new biocompatible materials and the advancement of CBCT imaging, these pathologies can be identified and treated with precision, resulting in promising outcomes. This case report aims to present the management of maxillary central incisors diagnosed with external ICR, treated with bioceramic root repair material, and followed-up to six years.
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To determine that early needle-knife sphincterotomy does not increase post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with difficult biliary cannulation as compared to standard cannulation. ⋯ NKS is an effective and safe modality for deep biliary cannulation and achieving technical success where cannulation is deemed difficult and does not increase the risk of PEP if done by experienced endoscopists in high volume centres.
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Understanding the epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Pakistan may help in identifying important demographic risk factors for upper gastrointestinal malignancies in a particular rural population group. This will benefit in implementing tailored prevention approaches as well as effective management of health services. ⋯ The average age of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy among rural community of Karachi was relatively low. The burden of upper GI malignancies was significantly higher among elderly. Male patients had significantly greater burden of premalignant and malignant lesions as compared to females. No differences in the distribution of diagnostic outcomes were observed on the basis of ethnicity.