Pak J Med Sci
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Medical and health care traverse geographical boundaries in the form of "Medical Tourism" with patients travelling from low and middle-income countries to developed nations and vice versa as well. Affordable medical care is also attracting patients from developed nations to countries like India, Thailand, UAE and others with international accreditation playing a key role. This also yields economic benefits for the recipient countries. ⋯ For this, literature search was conducted using google, Bing, google scholar, PubMed, web of science to search engines and data bases. One hundred eighty articles, reports & publications were downloaded of which 25 non-English & duplicates, and 75 irrelevant records were excluded. Hence, 34 references of relevant English language articles, publications, reports and online resources were utilized for the review.
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Masseter spasm after induction of anaesthesia can be generally defined as a marked difficulty in manual mouth opening that interferes and impedes direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without the presence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several factors have been implicated in the literatures responsible for causing masseter spasm including use of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and anxiety. ⋯ Anaesthesiologist should be aware of this complication when dealing with anxious patients on antidepressant therapy during induction of anaesthesia. Masseter spasm with locked jaw, can be a potential life-threatening situation particularly in scenarios of "cannot- ventilate-cannot intubate".
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Obturator hernia is a rare clinical condition, mainly affecting the elderly and frail patients. It is often challenging to diagnose, and carries a significant morbidity and mortality risk. We aim to highlight the importance of timely and adequate diagnosis followed by early intervention that can be done as open or laparoscopic. ⋯ We discuss the role of CT scanning in diagnosis, the necessity of prompt surgical management, and the possibility of open and laparoscopic approaches through a literature review. The choice between open and laparoscopic approaches should be individualized, considering the patient's clinical status and the potential risks and benefits of each technique. Further research comparing the long-term results of open versus laparoscopic repair in incarcerated obturator hernia is something to be explored in the efforts of achieving the highest standards of patient care and maximizing the chances for an optimal treatment outcome.
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To explore the influencing factors of kinesiophobia and to establish a nomogram prediction model. ⋯ Family monthly income level, anesthesia methods, NRS, HSS, ADL, and SAS scores are influencing factors of kinesiophobia, and the nomogram model can be useful for predicting postoperative kinesiophobia.
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To assess the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) in combination with conventional physical therapy compared to conventional physical therapy alone following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. ⋯ Both groups are effective for improving knee pain, and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, MET Group along with conventional therapy showed marked effects on improving knee pain, knee flexion ROM, and functional limitations after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis patients.