Pak J Med Sci
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Encephalocele is a congenital neural tube defect (NTD). The pathophysiology of the NTDs is exceedingly complex. Numerous explanations have been proposed to explain it. ⋯ Double encephalocele is a rare entity. The multisite closure theory appears to be the most plausible explanation for the development of multiple NTDs. The management of double encephalocele requires a case based approach.
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To explore teacher's perspectives regarding co-teaching classes. ⋯ Teachers described their experience of co-teaching as productive, pleasant, and enriching. The professional growth of teachers is fostered through co-teaching. Collaborative harmony develops among co-teachers. Teacher's satisfaction also increases by comprehensive knowledge transfer. Although some challenges were faced by teachers in co-teaching classes. The most common challenge of co-teaching was time management. Dominating nature or irresponsible teachers was also a challenge to deal with.
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To explore the effect of phased therapeutic intervention in improving the long-term prognosis of new hemodialysis(HD) patients. ⋯ Phased therapeutic intervention can significantly enhance the compliance of new HD patients, as well as further improve their anemia and cardiac function, and reduce inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is worthy of clinical application.
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We aimed to determine frequency, clinical presentation, etiology and management in patients presenting with primary amenorrhea in tertiary care setting. ⋯ Primary amenorrhea is a significant problem in adolescent girls. We found Mayer Rokitansky- Kuster- Hauser syndrome (MRKH) syndrome as the commonest cause in our series. There is need to promptly identify the patients who need medical, surgical or psychological management. It is also required to make local strategies and guidelines for evaluation, management and long term follow up.
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To determine the prevalence of urinary abnormalities in asymptomatic school children. ⋯ Urine screening is necessary for early detection and management of kidney diseases. Marked number of children was found having urinary abnormalities. Asymptomatic proteinuria was the most common finding reflecting underlying kidney pathology going undiagnosed.