Pak J Med Sci
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Medications are generally administered by either the enteric or parenteral route. With parenteral administration, intramuscular (IM) is the preferred approach because it increases the bioavailability of the drug, acts more quickly than the enteric route. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of true dorsogluteal intramuscular drug injection and to determine the causes for application failures in practice by ultrasonography (US). ⋯ SAT thickness values are important if IM drug injection is to be administered correctly. Unsuccessful IM injections may be seen even in patients with appropriate SAT thicknesses.
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To compare the difference between an automated oscillometric ABI measurement as compared to standard hand-held doppler ABI in patients with Type-2 diabetes. ⋯ An automated oscillometric method is comparable with standard handheld-doppler method. It is cost effective, convenient and less time consuming, can be widely used to measure ABI without special training.
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To evaluate the effect of oral progesterone for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding in patients taking warfarin after prosthetic valve replacement. ⋯ The warfarin induced abnormal uterine bleeding can be controlled effectively and safely with low dose of oral progesterone.
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Maternal death measurement is essential to a country's wellbeing and development status. In emerging countries like Pakistan, it remains an intimidating and failed public health challenge. Objectives of our audit were to estimate trends and causes of maternal demise in Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. ⋯ There is a decreasing trend of maternal death from 2013 to 2016 but a slight increase was noted in 2017. Hemorrhage was the top cause responsible for the maternal death.
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To compare the efficacy of single versus double burr-hole for drainage of chronic subdural hematoma, keeping in consideration pertinent demographic, pre and postoperative associations. ⋯ There was no significant difference between outcomes of single and double burr-hole surgeries; the former must be preferred because of lesser iatrogenic trauma. GCS-score on presentation was validated as a negative association to anticipate post-operative outcomes.