Presse Med
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Morphine, which is known as the reference analgesic, has shown its limits. Reducing morphine consumption and multimodal analgesia are integral parts of a modern management of postoperative pain. ⋯ They can be administered alone or in combination with or without morphine in the postoperative setting. The analgesic benefit of each of these agents and their associations is variable and described in details in this manuscript.
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Since the discovery of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA), great strides have been made in elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of disease. In this article, we review recent published key breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of ANCA vasculitis, including some that may lead to novel therapeutics. These breakthroughs have occurred in multiple areas of investigation. ⋯ B cell depleting agents have shown great utility in remission induction and maintenance, and monitoring specific B cell subsets during the disease course may have predictive power for remission maintenance. Despite these substantial advances, more research is needed including, but not limited to, validation of existing discoveries. As additional novel discoveries emerge, so will novel therapies, and it is with great hope that these collective insights will ultimately lead to prevention and cure.