Presse Med
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Africa along side with south-east Asia are the epicentres of emerging and epidemic prone-infectious diseases and megacity biosecurity threat scenarios. Massive mobility and reluctance in the populations exposed to epidemic and emerging prone-infectious diseases coupled by a weak health system made disease alert and control measures difficult to implement. ⋯ Despite multiple challenges, the need to conduct research during epidemics is inevitable, and candidate products must continue undergoing rigorous trials. Preparedness including management of complex humanitarian crises with community distrust is a cornerstone in response to high consequence emerging infectious disease outbreaks and imposes strengthening of the public health response infrastructure and emergency outbreak systems in high-risk regions.
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Review
[What are the determinants of viral outbreaks and is it possible to predict their emergence?]
The emergence of a viral disease most often results from an imbalance in the interaction between the infectious agent, the host and the environment. After the introduction phase of a viral disease in a territory or a given population and once the first chains of transmission occur, the spread of the disease or its sustainability are possible if the control measures are not implemented or are not sufficiently effective. If it is difficult to anticipate the occurrence and introduction of an emerging viral disease, the following three key elements must be strengthened to limit its impact: (1) anticipation and preparation; (2) research and (3) monitoring and surveillance. Finally, to guarantee that the measures taken are relevant and acceptable to the population, a multidisciplinary approach must be systematically relied upon and re-evaluated on a prospective basis.
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An ECG is recommended by the French Society of Cardiology in the screening of a competitive athlete. An intense and prolonged physical activity (>4 hours of intense sport/week) can lead to a physiological electric remodeling. ⋯ It is necessary to know the physiological modifications related to sport practice to avoid either false reassurances or the realization of unjustified additional examinations because of a wrong interpretation. The latest athlete ECG classification published in 2017 can be used to identify in which athlete additional tests are recommended (figure 1).
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[Gambling and Gaming disorders and physical health of players: A critical review of the literature].
Gambling and gaming disorders have been introduced as addictions in the DSM-5 and have been announced for the next edition of the ICD. Links between gambling and gaming and psychiatric comorbidities have been thoroughly investigated, but so far the impact of gambling and gaming on physical health has been overlooked. ⋯ Data reported in this review documented that individuals with gaming or gambling disorders have an impaired physical health. Knowledge of the symptoms reported could help primary care physicians to better screen for gambling and gaming disorders among their patients.