Rev Assoc Med Bras
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To study extent of knowledge and acceptance of hemocomponents and hemoderivatives, fresh and stored, by Jehovah's Witnesses and also propose bioethical tools for any ethical and moral conflicts identified in their relationship with physicians and dentists. ⋯ Jehovah's Witnesses are seen by their "moral outsiders" (here physicians and dentists) as the religious group that simply "does not use blood". Although, several blood treatments are nowadays permitted, it does not deprive them from a free conviction to refuse blood treatments. Their particular understandings frequently extend the list of blood prohibitions and, consequently, the number of moral conflicts, when considering that physicians and dentists usually do not ask about a patient's religion.
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This study intends to review the literature on the efficacy, safety and feasibility of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with advanced emphysema. Studies on LVRS from January 1995 to December 2009 were included by using Pubmed (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Library literature in English. Search words such as lung volume reduction surgery or lung reduction surgery, pneumoplasty or reduction pneumoplasty, COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and surgery, were used. ⋯ Bullous emphysema was excluded from this review. Surgical approach included median sternotomy, unilateral or bilateral thoracotomy, and videothoracoscopy with stapled or laser ablation. Results of prospective randomized trials between medical management and LVRS are essential before final assessment can be established.