Rev Invest Clin
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Observational Study
Assessment of Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Activator of Nf-Κb Ligand in Malaysian Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Background: Limited information exists regarding the pathophysiological interactions between osteoporosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To study the association of Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) in male COPD patients. Methods: An observational clinical study was conducted at Penang General Hospital in Malaysia. ⋯ Furthermore, patients with severe COPD had a 3 times greater risk of developing osteoporosis (OR = 2.997 [95% CI = 2.181, 4.118], p < 0.001), while spirometric parameters had a significant inverse relationship with osteoporosis (FEV1% OR = 0.970, [95% CI = 0.954, 0.986], p = 0.001; FEV1/FVC OR = 0.984, (95% CI = 0.970, 0.999], p = 0.035). Conclusion: The study concluded that COPD patients had lower sOPG levels, leading to decreased OPG/RANKL ratio and faster bone resorption. Low bone mineral density was associated with more severe COPD. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(6):262-73).
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Background: COVID-19 is a disease that had a great impact in the world, generating lifestyle changes; among these are changes in sleep quality, with the elderly being one of the most affected age groups. Objective: To identify sleep alterations in Mexican people older than 60 years post COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We performed a descriptive study on subjects older than 60 years from the aging cohort of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases. ⋯ In the questionnaire on toxicology, we found higher alcohol consumption (18% vs. 27%, p = 0.01) and vitamin ingestion (34% vs. 46%, p = 0.003). Subjects also described more nighttime awakenings, with more than 3 times per week (25% vs. 44%, p < 0.0001), generating a worse auto perception of healthy well-being (88.3 vs. 82.02 p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic affected sleep quality in different aspects, and it increased the consumption of alcohol and vitamins. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(6):239-42).
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Background: The effective use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, complications have shifted from opportunistic infections to issues such as drug toxicity and resistance, as well as an increase in premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These conditions are attributed to chronic immune activation and persistent inflammation caused by HIV, along with lipid abnormalities and insulin resistance. ⋯ In addition, 53.8% of the patients exhibited hypertriglyceridemia, and 54.8% met the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. The D: A: D reduced and full models identified significant risk factors for individuals over 30 years of age, highlighting notable associations with cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and smoking status. In contrast, the Framingham model did not demonstrate significant risk associations. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(6):274-85).
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Membranes and sorbents play a crucial role in extracorporeal blood purification therapies, which aim to remove harmful molecules and toxins from the blood. Over the years, advancements in hemodialysis (HD) membranes and sorbents have significantly enhanced their safety and effectiveness. This review article will summarize the latest breakthroughs in the development and clinical application of HD membranes and sorbents. ⋯ We will discuss each type of HD membrane's advantages and limitations, highlighting the most promising advancements in novel biomaterials and biocompatibility, technologies, research in membrane performance, and their clinical applications. Furthermore, we will delve into the evolution and progress of sorbent technology, tracing its historical development, outlining its key characteristics, examining the mechanism involved in the adsorption process, and exploring its clinical application. This review aims to underscore the growth and future landscape of HD membranes and sorbents in extracorporeal blood purification techniques.
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The development of hemodialysis (HD) membranes has substantially advanced in the last decade. This has resulted in the manufacturing of medium cut-off membranes (MCO) whose internal architecture is based on greater pore size and a smaller diameter, thus promoting the clearance of particles of greater size as well as retrofiltration. Multiple studies have proven their efficacy in the clearance of uremic mid-sized molecules such as β2-microglobulin, free light chains, and some interleukins; this clearance is far superior with MCO membranes when compared with high-flux HD, and similar to that obtained with online hemodiafiltration. This review summarizes the results of the most relevant clinical studies of this membrane in terms of uremic toxin clearance, as well as the features of some clinical outcomes such as quality of life and hospitalizations.