Saudi Med J
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To report the corneal elevation and thickness values for Saudi myopes and to evaluate the differences between these parameters in subgroups of this target population. Methods: Pentacam corneal topographic maps of the right eyes of patients visiting Al-Hokama Eye Clinic, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a tertiary eye center between January 2009 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed in this cross-sectional study. The patients were grouped into 3 categories based on their spherical readings: mild (-0.25 to -2.75D), moderate (-3.00 to -5.75D), and severe (≥-6.00D). Furthermore, patients with cylindrical readings of ≥-1.00 diopter were categorized as having myopic astigmatism, whereas those with less than -1.00 cylindrical diopter were categorized as having simple myopia. Results: Our sample was comprised of 1,276 patients; 838 (65.7%) had simple myopia and 438 (34.3%) had myopic astigmatism. ⋯ All of the measurements, except the apical PE and thinnest PE, were statistically significant across the simple and myopic astigmatism groups (p less than 0.05). Comparing the mild to moderate myopia groups revealed a significant difference in the apical AE (p=0.037). Moreover, the comparison between the mild and severe myopia groups revealed that the apical PE and the thinnest PE, as well as the central, apical, and thinnest pachymetry values were statistically significantly different (p less than 0.05). Conclusion: The corneal elevation indices and thicknesses specific to the Saudi myopes were found to be comparable to the international databases in terms of the elevation and thickness in some of the parameters.
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To estimate the prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) among diabetic patients and to investigate GERD's potential association with diabetic complications, and patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. ⋯ Gastro-esophageal reflux disease prevalence in diabetic patients was 45%. Diabetic patients with GERD were more often female and older than 65 years. None of the other tested factors (BMI, smoking status, diabetes mellitus duration, therapeutic plan, or diabetic complications) showed signi cant di erence between GERD and non-GERD groups.
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To determine the incidence, types, risk factors, identify organisms, and assess outcomes of surgical wound infections (SWIs) after cardiac surgery at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This historical cohort study reviewed the chart of patients who underwent cardiac surgery at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2009 and December 2014. The proforma contained personal data, comorbidities, type of surgery, microbiological analysis, and management outcomes. Results: A total of 1241 patients were enrolled in the study comprising 1,032 (83.2%) men and 209 (16.8%) women. Forty (3.2%) patients developed SWI, of which 32 (2.5%) were superficial and 8 (0.7%) were deep. ⋯ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and extended β-lactamase-producing gram-negative organisms were pathogens isolated in last 3 years of the review. Simple and vacuum assisted closure therapies led to complete resolution in 32 (80%) patients, while 8 (20%) developed sternal osteomyelitis. All patients survived except one with a deep SWI who died of uncontrolled sepsis. Conclusion: Despite the low incidence of postoperative SWIs, the risk of sternal osteomyelitis development persists. Meticulous choice of CABG components and appropriate postoperative management, especially detecting early signs of SWI could contribute to lower its incidence and complications.
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To measure the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia, in comparison with developed and developing countries worldwide. Methods: We enrolled pregnant women aged 15-45 years who visited 3 National Guard-Health Affairs' primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between January 2017 and December 2017. We used stratified samples and computer-generated random numbers to collect data. This data includes demographics, obstetric history, blood pressure, non-fasting 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT), 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin level, rubella immunization status, hepatitis B surface antigen status, urinalysis results, and labor, and delivery notes. ⋯ Women diagnosed with GDM tended to be older and have greater body mass index (BMI) values. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in Saudi Arabia is high compared to other countries. Advanced maternal age and higher BMI values were associated with increased prevalence of GDM. Thus, early prevention and management of GDM is vital to minimize the risks to both the mother and fetus.
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To determine the prevalence of imposter syndrome (IS) among Saudi adults and its association with burnout. ⋯ Imposter syndrome is frequent among Saudi adults and associated with all 3 burnout domains. Mental health domains like burnout, depression, stress, and anxiety were found associated with IS.