Saudi Med J
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To explore the antibacterial activity of thymoquinone (TQ), a quinone extracted from Nigella sativa. ⋯ The combinatory effect of TQ with antimicrobials should be considered when developing new antimicrobial therapy regimens to overcome multidrug-resistant.
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Observational Study
Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin and the associated factors in Saudi Arabia.
To assess the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin users and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Our findings show a low prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin. The majority of the sample had borderline deficiency; therefore, additional investigation and management are required.
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To determine the influence of caffeine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pioglitazone (PIO) in diabetic rats. ⋯ Co-administration of PIO with caffeine enhances its antidiabetic effect, probably due to enhanced bioavailability of PIO, leading to clinical benefits in diabetic patients.