Singap Med J
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Optimal placement of electrodes for treatment of post-stroke dysphagia by neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with effortful swallowing.
We aimed to determine the optimal placement of electrodes for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for post-stroke dysphagia therapy. ⋯ Horizontal placement of the NMES electrodes on the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles for the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia by NMES combined with effortful swallowing was more effective than the horizontal and vertical placement of electrodes on the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles, respectively, and their vertical placement above the hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage.
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Hypertension and dyslipidaemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and achieving treatment goals mitigates such risks. This study determined demographic and medication-related factors associated with blood pressure (BP) goal attainment in patients with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidaemia. ⋯ BP treatment goals were attained by half of the patients with dyslipidaemia and hypertension, and half of those on pharmacotherapy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control were significantly associated with BP goal attainment.