Singap Med J
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Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disease (CKD-MBD) is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) involving derangements in serum calcium and phosphate. This study aims to evaluate hypo- and hypercalcaemia and their associated outcomes among pre-dialysis CKD patients. ⋯ Hypocalcaemia and hypercalcaemia episodes were prevalent among pre-dialysis CKD patients. Studies with longer follow-up durations are required to assess the effects of calcium derangements on clinical outcomes.
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This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and D-lactate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of nosocomial meningitis patients. ⋯ Our study findings suggest that IL-6, IL-8 and D-lactate levels could be diagnostic markers for nosocomial meningitis.