Singap Med J
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Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a common presentation in the primary care setting and can be significantly painful and disabling. The condition progresses in three stages: freezing (painful), frozen (adhesive) and thawing, and is often self-limiting. ⋯ However, many physicians may find themselves limited to prescribing medications for treatment. This article elaborates on physical therapy exercises targeted at adhesive capsulitis, which can be used in combination with common analgesics.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently associated with cholelithiasis. The prevalence of NAFLD in Asia has been on the rise, but the magnitude of this increase had not been studied previously. ⋯ Similar to other international studies, we found a significant increase in the prevalence of patients with NAFLD presenting symptomatically for cholecystectomy over an interval of ten years in Singapore. Hypertension and Indian ethnicity were significantly associated with NAFLD in both time periods. This trend supports the need for concerted public health intervention to stem the increasing incidence of NAFLD and prevent its progression to more advanced liver disease.
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This study aimed to determine ethnic differences in the proximal femur morphology of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures in Singapore. ⋯ We found statistically significant differences in the femoral head sizes and calcar-to-canal width ratios among women of different ethnic groups. There were also differences in neck-shaft angles between Chinese and Indian women, and between Malay and Indian women.
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Observational Study
Predictors of emesis in children undergoing procedural sedation with intramuscular ketamine in a paediatric emergency department.
Emesis is one of the most common adverse events associated with ketamine sedation. However, its predictors have not been clearly studied among Asian children. This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of emesis in children undergoing intramuscular (IM) ketamine sedation in an emergency department (ED) in Singapore and to identify high-risk groups, so that antiemetics may be administered prophylactically. ⋯ Age is a significant predictor of emesis. We recommend conducting a randomised controlled trial to compare the effects of prophylactic oral ondansetron in patients stratified into the age groups of ≥ 8 years and < 8 years.
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide and has been associated with various sociodemographic risk factors, including age, gender and ethnicity. The present study aimed to establish whether gender-specific differences relating to the prevalence and correlates of MDD exist in the Singapore adult resident population. ⋯ The study highlighted key gender-specific correlates of MDD. Given the comorbidities associated with MDD and other psychiatric disorders and/or physical illnesses, these correlates pose additional challenges for care providers.