Singap Med J
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To evaluate the anthropometric measurements and dietary intake of the free-living elderly in a Chinese community. ⋯ Our study showed that female elderly subjects had more health problems compared to male elderly subjects. On the whole, the elderly did not fulfill the recommended amount for energy intake while the percentage for carbohydrates, fats and protein from the total calorie intake were not in accordance with the healthy diet guidelines. Anthropometrically, male subjects were heavier and taller than female subjects. Looking at body mass index, most of the male elderly subjects were in the normal to underweight range. With these results, more research is warranted to give a clearer picture of the Chinese elderly in the country.
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To determine the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children 0-12 years of age in Singapore, which has a population of 2.9 million. ⋯ The incidence of IDDM in Singapore children is similar to that reported for Hong Kong and Japan, but higher than that for Shanghai. The female preponderance is similar to that seen in other Asian population. The data suggests a rising incidence of IDDM in Singapore and differences in incidence between the Malays, Chinese and Indians, but further observations are needed.
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A mail questionnaire survey was conducted among designated factory doctors (DFDs) to determine the nature and extent of musculoskeletal aches/pains in patients attending their clinics over one working week. Information was recorded for all patients aged 15 years and above presenting with aches or pains in the back, neck or upper limbs, as the main complaint or as one of the presenting symptoms. ⋯ The study findings are consistent with those of a 1993 morbidity survey of outpatients in Singapore and indicate that the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal aches/pains is not high.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The addition of intrathecal sufentanil and fentanyl to bupivacaine for caesarean section.
Intrathecal sufentanil has recently been used in labour as part of a combined spinal epidural technique. This study was conducted to compare its use in combination with bupivacaine for caesarean section with fentanyl added to bupivacaine and bupivacaine alone. ⋯ The addition of 10 micrograms of sufentanil and 15 micrograms of fentanyl to 7.5 mg of bupivacaine prolonged the duration of effective analgesia and improved intra-operative analgesia. However, the incidence of pruritus and episodes of desaturation were increased more with 10 micrograms sufentanil than with 15 micrograms fentanyl.
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Review Case Reports
Severe laryngospasm without intravenous access--a case report and literature review of the non-intravenous routes of administration of suxamethonium.
Severe laryngospasm may occur during inhalational induction of paediatric patients. Effective and rapid treatment of this complication is extremely important to prevent severe hypoxia. The treatment of choice is intravenous suxamethonium if muscle relaxation is desired. ⋯ The rapidity and the effectiveness in treating laryngospasm by these non-intravenous routes are important to the outcome of the patient. Though the intramuscular route may be relatively slower in onset time (time taken to reach maximum effect of paralysis) compared with the intravenous route, clinical experience so far indicates satisfactory result in the treatment of laryngospasm. Current evidences indicate that the intraosseous route is probably superior to the intramuscular route and comparable to the intravenous route in terms of onset time.