Terapevt Arkh
-
The literature review presents novel data on the prevalence of age-related hypogonadism and its relationship with aging, its impact on the circulatory system and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the methods for diagnosing age-related hypogonadism, its association with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, obesity, arterial hypertension. The mechanisms of the possible direct effect of testosterone on endothelium and vascular tone, the role of hormone replacement therapy as a way of preventing cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
-
Gallbladder polyps are an elevation of the mucous membrane that protrudes into the lumen of the gallbladder cavity. Their prevalence in the general population varies from 0.3 to 13.8%. ⋯ Evidence is building up on the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid for controlling components of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risks. Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations may become promising for the management of cholesterol polyps.
-
The review article presents data on: a) definition of microhematuria and diagnosis; b) prevalence estimation and causes of the asymptomatic microscopic hematuria; c) diagnostic approaches for the first time identified of microhematuria; d) follow-up monitoring of patients with asymptomatic hematuria; e) feasibility of medical screening for microhematuria. The analysis includes recommendations of Russian and foreign urological associations, the results of cohort and observational studies, previous study reviews. The identification of 3 or more red blood cells during microscopic examination should be considered microhematuria. ⋯ The purpose of a comprehensive examination is to exclude life-threatening conditions (malignant neoplasms and/or glomerular kidney damage). In some cases, after research, the cause of microhematuria remains unclear and monitoring is required. Routine screening of the population in order to detect microhematuria is currently not justified.
-
Routinely the influenza virus significantly contributes to the formation of the annual incidence of acute respiratory infections, with a peak in winter season. The high level of mutagenic potential of influenza viruses is a standard factor determining the complexity of the rational choice of pharmacotherapy. ⋯ An adequate choice of pharmacotherapy tools should be based on high efficiency and safety of drugs, with a possible reduction in such negative factors as polypharmacy. This review includes comparative pharmacological characteristics of drugs with activity against RNA viruses, along with parameters of their clinical efficacy.
-
Assesment of arterial stiffness the substantional prognostic factor for evaluating complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes, may be performed using different parameters, including cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The main purpose of this review is to analyze data from studies where CAVI is used to test the arterial wall stiffness in magistral vessels. CAVI measurement is non-invasive and performed by portable devices which makes it comfortable for ambulatory use in patients who come for a check-up and also in those who already are hospitalized. ⋯ CAVI shows considerable correlation with markers of CVD like atherosclerotic plaques in vessels, diastolic disfunction of left ventricle and angina pectoris. CAVI may be used for early monitoring and assessing the lesions of target organs in patients with atherosclerosis, chronic hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Establishing CAVI as a standart parameter in assessing patients who are at risk of CVD can help to improve complications prevention, reduce mortality and prolong their lifespan.