Neurology
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To evaluate the frequency and identify risk factors of unruptured aneurysms in first-degree relatives of patients with sporadic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ⋯ First-degree relatives of index patients with sporadic subarachnoid hemorrhage have a 4.0% chance of intracranial aneurysms. Being a sibling of the index patient is the most important risk factor. Risk factors for general atherosclerosis (hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, high levels of blood triglycerides, lipoprotein a, and apoprotein A1) and use of alcohol do not increase the risk of intracranial aneurysms significantly in these relatives.
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Outcome studies have generally not indicated significant cognitive disturbances after cingulotomy. There is now considerable evidence that the cingulate may play an important role in emotional behavior and attention. ⋯ The anterior cingulate cortex modulates response intention and focused attention.