Neurology
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Multicenter Study
Head growth and neurodevelopment of infants born to HIV-1-infected drug-using women.
To describe neurodevelopment and head growth in HIV-1-infected and exposed uninfected infants with and without in utero exposure to opiates and cocaine. ⋯ HIV-1 infection and in utero opiate and cocaine exposure decrease birth head circumference and slow neurodevelopment at 4 months. At 24 months of age, however, only HIV-1 infection is associated with decreased neurodevelopment and head circumference. There may be some postnatal recovery from the effects of in utero hard drug exposure. Importantly, the detrimental effects of HIV-1 positivity and maternal hard drug use on neurodevelopment at 4 months are not additive, although they are additive for birth head circumference.
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Case Reports
Remission of intractable partial epilepsy following implantation of intracranial electrodes.
Six patients with medically intractable partial epilepsy (IPE) underwent seizure localization with intracranial EEG using intracerebral or subdural electrodes. No surgical resection was performed, but all had seizure remission ranging from 11 months to 15 years. Invasive monitoring may rarely produce remission of IPE, possibly through interruption of seizure propagation pathways.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of IV methylprednisolone on brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS.
IV methylprednisolone (IVMP) has been used to treat relapses in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS, but its effect on disease progression is not known. Furthermore, there are no data on the impact of IVMP on T1 black holes or whole-brain atrophy. ⋯ In patients with RR-MS, treatment with pulses of IVMP slows development of T1 black holes, prevents or delays whole-brain atrophy, and prevents or delays disability progression. A phase III study of IVMP pulses is warranted.
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Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and respiratory failure (RF) are complications of acid maltase deficiency (AMD), a rare hereditary myopathy. ⋯ Vital capacity correlates with respiratory muscle function in AMD. Diaphragm weakness is the major cause of SDB and RF. SDB and nocturnal hypoventilation are predictable from daytime function tests.