Neurology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Methylphenidate, cognition, and epilepsy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose study.
To evaluate the potential efficacy of immediate-release methylphenidate (MPH) for treating cognitive deficits in epilepsy. ⋯ This study provides Class II evidence that single doses of MPH improve cognitive performance on some measures of attention and processing speed in patients with epilepsy and cognitive complaints.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Endovascular treatment improves cognition after stroke: A secondary analysis of REVASCAT trial.
To investigate the effect of endovascular treatment on cognitive function as a prespecified secondary analysis of the REVASCAT (Endovascular Revascularization With Solitaire Device Versus Best Medical Therapy in Anterior Circulation Stroke Within 8 Hours) trial. ⋯ This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with stroke from acute anterior circulation proximal arterial occlusion, thrombectomy improves performance on the TMT at 3 months.
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To investigate CSF biomarkers in presymptomatic and symptomatic mutation carriers with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D), a model for sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and to determine the earliest deposited form of β-amyloid (Aβ). ⋯ Decreased levels of CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 occur before HCHWA-D mutation carriers develop clinical symptoms, implicating vascular deposition of both Aβ species as early steps in cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathogenesis. CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 may serve as preclinical biomarkers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology.
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Multicenter Study
Risk and association of HLA with oxcarbazepine-induced cutaneous adverse reactions in Asians.
To investigate the risk and genetic association of oxcarbazepine-induced cutaneous adverse reactions (OXC-cADRs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), in Asian populations (Chinese and Thai). ⋯ Our findings suggest that HLA-B*15:02 is significantly associated with OXC-SJS in Asian populations (Chinese and Thai). However, the severity and incidence of OXC-SJS/TEN are less than that of CBZ-SJS/TEN. The need for preemptive HLA-B*15:02 screening should be evaluated further.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Evolving use of seizure medications after intracerebral hemorrhage: A multicenter study.
Prophylactic medications can be a source of preventable harm, potentially affecting large numbers of patients. Few data exist about how clinicians change prescribing practices in response to new data and revisions to guidelines about preventable harm from a prophylactic medication. We sought to determine the changes in prescribing practice of seizure medications for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) across a metropolitan area before and after new outcomes data and revised prescribing guidelines were published. ⋯ New data that led to revised prescribing guidelines for prophylactic seizure medications for patients with ICH were temporally associated with a significant decrease in use of the medication, potentially reducing adverse outcomes. However, a corresponding increase in the use of an alternative medication, levetiracetam, occurred despite limited knowledge about its potential effects on outcomes. Future guideline changes should anticipate and address alternatives.