Transfus Apher Sci
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Clinical practice guidelines on red blood cell transfusion (RBC) are based on expert opinion, animal studies and the few human trials available. Twelve randomized controlled trials on the benefits of RBC transfusions in humans have been published. In the absence of definitive outcome studies, numerous theoretical arguments have been put forward in favor or against the classic transfusion threshold of 100 g/l. ⋯ All RBC transfusions must be tailored to the patient's needs, at the moment the need arises. In conclusion published recommendations are commensurate with existing knowledge and, unfortunately, their conclusions are limited. Future research and development should focus on the determination of optimal transfusion strategies in various patient populations and on reliable monitors to guide transfusion therapy.