Obstetrics and gynecology
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To determine whether opinions and practice patterns have markedly changed over the past decade and whether clinicians are cognizant of the new ACOG definitions for forceps deliveries. ⋯ Although the rate of midforceps use decreased, operative vaginal delivery was still commonly taught in residency programs in North America in 1990.
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Obstetrics and gynecology · Feb 1993
Comparative StudyPulmonary edema associated with pregnancy: echocardiographic insights and implications for treatment.
To evaluate the role of echocardiography in determining the cause of pulmonary edema in pregnancy and the impact this information has on management. ⋯ Because clinical and roentgenographic findings do not accurately differentiate patients with respect to the presence and type of cardiac dysfunction, and because these subgroups differ with respect to treatment and probably prognosis, we recommend echocardiography to evaluate all pregnant women with pulmonary edema.