Respiratory care
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A reversed halo sign (RHS) is defined as the presence of a focal ring-shaped area of ground-glass opacity within a peripheral rim of consolidation. Although originally described in patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, it has been described with several other noninfectious and infectious diseases, including fungal infections. ⋯ In this article, we systematically review the literature (PubMed and Embase) for the associations of the RHS. We have also proposed a diagnostic algorithm for an approach to a patient with an RHS.
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Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) produces beneficial effects in COPD subjects, but the effects of expiratory muscle training (EMT) and EMT plus IMT in ventilatory training are still unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of EMT and EMT plus IMT compared to control groups of COPD subjects. ⋯ EMT and EMT plus IMT improve respiratory muscle strength and can be used as part of the treatment during pulmonary rehabilitation of subjects with severe to very severe COPD.
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Septic shock presents as a continuum of infectious events, generating tissue hypoxia and hypovolemia, and increased oxidative stress. Chest physiotherapy helps reduce secretion, improving dynamic and static compliance, as well as improving secretion clearance and preventing pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of chest physiotherapy on hemodynamic, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in subjects in septic shock. ⋯ The results indicate that chest physiotherapy has immediate effects, improving oxygenation and reducing lactate and oxidative damage in subjects in septic shock. However, it does not cause alterations in the inflammatory and hemodynamic parameters.
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The mechanism between ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and multiple organ injury is unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the mechanisms of VILI-induced distal organ injury. ⋯ High V(T) ventilation induces VILI and is associated with inflammation and apoptosis in distal organs. Up-regulation of reactive oxygen species and cytokines in VILI is associated with systemic inflammatory responses. Kidney tissue appears to be more vulnerable than heart and liver tissues following VILI.
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Polydatin (PD) has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in ischemic-reperfusion injury. Moreover, inflammatory responses and apoptosis play a role in the development of burn-induced lung injuries. Based on these findings, in this study we investigated the hypothesis that PD can ameliorate lung injury induced by extensive burns via reduction of inflammation and apoptosis. ⋯ PD ameliorates burn-induced lung injury via its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, and PD treatment may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of critical burn injuries.