Anesthesia, essays and researches
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Open surgical procedures are associated with substantial postoperative pain; an alternative method providing adequate pain relief with minimal side effects is very much required. ⋯ Continuous thoracic PVB is as effective as continuous thoracic EA in providing pain relief in patients undergoing open nephrectomy in the postoperative period. The side effect profile of the two techniques was also similar.
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Ketamine, in low doses, is known to possess intense analgesic properties. The available literature shows wide variation regarding the time and dose of administration of ketamine during surgery. ⋯ Ketamine in low dose proved to be an efficacious analgesic even in the long duration laparoscopic gynecological surgeries. It stabilizes intraoperative hemodynamics thereby reducing the requirement of other anesthetic and antihypertensive agents.
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Elective lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia is frequently associated with shivering. Ondansetron has been shown to be effective for postspinal shivering. In the present study, we compare the efficacy of ondansetron to prevent postspinal shivering in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. ⋯ Ondansetron is an effective way to prevent shivering, nausea and vomiting during lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with no effect on Apgar score.
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Pain is a common complaint after surgery and seems to be difficult to manage in children because of fear of complications of pain treatment or misconception that infants and small children do not feel pain at all or feel less pain. A survey reported that 40% of pediatric surgical patients experienced moderate or severe postoperative pain and that more than 75% had insufficient analgesia. Our study was carried to provide continuous infusion of intravenous (i.v.) tramadol alone using a dedicated infusion device Graseby 2100 syringe pump and compared it to a combination of i.v. tramadol infusion and per rectal paracetamol. ⋯ We recommend use of an infusion of tramadol in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg/h in the first 24 h after surgery, in combination with a regular per rectal paracetamol in a daily dose of 90 mg/kg/day in four divided doses for children after major abdominal surgery. However, a close nursing supervision is essential to increase the safety profile.
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Epidural administration of neostigmine appears to be safe in the obstetric population. Recently, few studies have concluded 10 μg sufentanil to be an effective adjuvant with epidural neostigmine in providing labor analgesia. However, no study has evaluated the analgesic effect of epidural butorphanol with neostigmine for the same. ⋯ Epidural combination of sufentanil with neostigmine provided better pain relief in terms of the total duration of analgesia and the reduction in VAS pain scores at various time points in the initial 30 min of epidural administration of drugs during the first stage of labor in parturient when compared to the epidural combination of butorphanol with neostigmine.