Pediatric clinics of North America
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Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Feb 2004
ReviewObstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children: controversies in diagnosis and treatment.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common, under-recognized condition in childhood with significant morbidities if undiagnosed and untreated. The American Academy of Pediatrics recently issued a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of childhood OSAS. It was accompanied by a comprehensive evidence-based technical report that summarized the available literature supporting the guideline. The current review highlights areas of controversy and uncertainty that limit the development of more definitive standards of practice, updates the reader to several newer publications relevant to diagnosis and treatment of childhood OSAS, and identifies future directions for clinical research.
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Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Feb 2004
ReviewNeurocognitive dysfunction and sleep in children: from human to rodent.
Sleep disturbance in children, whether because of poor sleep hygiene or sleep-related breathing disorders, is associated with significant behavioral and neurocognitive deficits. The mechanisms by which sleep disturbance contributes to the daytime manifestations are unclear, although it seems that sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia are important. The long-term outcome for children with untreated diseases leading to sleep disruption is currently unknown. Increased awareness and early identification and treatment of conditions that lead to altered sleep should yield improved neurocognitive outcomes in affected children.