Revista española de anestesiología y reanimación
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Jun 2006
Review Comparative Study[Characteristics and distribution of normal human epidural fat].
Epidural fat provides sufficient cushion for the pulsatile movements of the dural sac, protects nerve structures, facilitates the movement of the dural sac over the periosteum of the spinal column during flexion and extension, and forms a pharmacologic reservoir of lipophilic substances. We review epidural fat and related structures, including their development during the fetal period when the epidural space is filled by undifferentiated loose, areolar mesenchymal tissue that surrounds the dural sac. ⋯ We consider the distribution of epidural fat in the axial and sagittal planes; its presence in the anterior, lateral and posterior epidural space; its presence in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal column; and its characteristics and variations according to differing body habits and sex. Finally, we speculate on the possible anesthetic implications of epidural fat in terms of the pharmacokinetics of drugs injected into the epidural space and the tasks of locating the epidural space and inserting an epidural catheter during anesthetic procedures.
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Jun 2006
Case Reports[Bilateral axillary brachial plexus block guided by multiple nerve stimulation and ultrasound in a multiple trauma patient].
We present the case of a woman with multiple wounds and injuries after attempted suicide by jumping from a high place. She had multiple craniofacial injuries and fractures of both forearms requiring emergency osteosynthesis. The neurosurgeons requested that a level of consciousness be maintained for frequent assessment; therefore it was decided to provide a bilateral axillary brachial plexus block. ⋯ Surgery proceeded without adverse events. The location of nerves or nerve roots with both ultrasound and stimulators was highly useful in this patient in need of bilateral brachial plexus blockade. This combination, and ultrasound in particular, might be the technique of choice because it offers an image in real time and assessment of the least amount of anesthetic that seems to be needed for achieving a block.
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Jun 2006
Letter Case Reports[General anesthesia in an adult with Eisenmenger syndrome].