Journal of opioid management
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety and effectiveness of coadministration of intrathecal sufentanil and morphine in hyperbaric bupivacaine-based spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
Subarachnoid block is a widely used technique for cesarean section. Opioids adding to the local anesthetics can improve its quality. In this prospective, randomized, double blind, controlled trial, we compared the effects of coadministration of intrathecal sufentanil and morphine with intrathecal sufentanil and a single administration of subcutaneous morphine. ⋯ The incidence of nausea was significantly lower in the SCM group than in the ITM group (p < 0.05). There was no significant group difference in the incidence of pruritus (p > 0.05). In conclusion, coadministration of sufentanil and morphine into the subarachnoid space was effective and provided longer pain relief than intrathecal sufentanil plus a single injection of subcutaneous morphine, despite a higher incidence of side effects such as nausea and vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Midazolam as an antiemetic in patients receiving epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief.
Epidural morphine has been associated with a significant incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The authors have evaluated the prophylactic effects of midazolam in preventing nausea and vomiting following epidural morphine for postoperative pain control. ⋯ The authors conclude that low-dose midazolam infusion is effective in the prevention of nausea, vomiting, and pruritus following epidural morphine for postoperative pain control.
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To evaluate female drug overdose deaths from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Western Virginia (1997-2003) for demographics, medical history, toxicology results, and prescribed medications. ⋯ Although many decedents held prescriptions, and often for multiple drugs, toxicological findings indicate the frequent presence of other therapeutic drugs in the absence of a prescription. Moreover, many of these cases held simultaneous prescriptions for which there are known drug interactions. It is likely that misuse, fatal medication errors, abuse, and addiction were factors in the increased numbers of these deaths. Interventions to prevent prescription overdose deaths must involve education of both physicians and patients.