Journal of opioid management
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Immunoassay is used extensively for drug testing in pain management. Drug testing for the purpose of compliance monitoring is fundamentally different from forensic applications, which may rely on immunoassay screening to rapidly identify "negative" samples. ⋯ The primary drug classes of interest in this population, opioids and benzodiazepines, require special testing considerations when immunoassay is used. This review highlights the performance characteristics of immunoassay, with special emphasis on prescription drug classes and testing at the point-of-care.
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Both prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP) and urine drug testing (UDT) are recommended as parts of an ongoing risk management approach for controlled substance prescribing. The authors provide an editorial and commentary to discuss the unique contributions of each to promote better clinical decision making for prescribers. ⋯ The commentary focuses on the place of both tools (UDT and PDMP) in risk management efforts. The argument is made that relying on a PDMP alone would lead to clinical decisions that may miss a great deal of problematic or aberrant behaviors.
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Risk management is first and foremost about protecting patients. This article will examine risk management in general, and urine drug testing (UDT) in particular, as core constituents in an effective, comprehensive risk management strategy. The article will explore UDT as a tool to help practitioners and patients make better choices in the clinical management of chronic pain. How one makes these difficult clinical decisions based on UDT results as well common barriers encountered in conducting patient-centered UDT will also be examined.
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This article educates healthcare practitioners on the legal framework prohibiting abusive practices in urine drug testing (UDT) in medical settings, discusses several profit-driven UDT schemes that have resulted in enforcement actions, and provides recommendations for best practices in UDT to comply with state and federal fraud and anti-kickback statutes. ⋯ Healthcare practitioners who use UDT can help ensure that they are in compliance with applicable federal and state laws by evaluating whether their actions are motivated by providing proper care to their patients rather than by profits. They must avoid schemes that violate the spirit of the law while appearing to comply with the letter of the law. Such a simple self-evaluation of motive can reduce a practitioner's likelihood of civil fines and criminal liability.
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A review of the utility of oral fluid in drug testing and adherence monitoring in pain management is presented. The article includes a description of the "State of the Art"; drug deposition; advantages and drawbacks of oral fluid testing; and overall related literature.