Journal of the Indian Medical Association
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A comparative clinical study of injection clonidine versus midazolam in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for sedation and postoperative analgesia: a study of 60 cases.
A randomised clinical study was conducted in 60 ASA I-II patients undergoing elective upper limb orthopaedic surgeries (duration of surgery < or =120 minutes). All the patients were divided into two groups (n=30 each), group C (clonidine) and group M (midazolam). All were premedicated with injection glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg intramuscular 30 minutes before surgery and given injection bupivacaine 0.5% plain 20 ml and injection lignocaine 2% plain 10 ml in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. ⋯ In group M 5 patients required 1 dose and 23 patients required 2 doses and 2 patients required 3 doses in 24hours, though the data was not statistically significant. No complication was observed in any patient in both the groups. So injection clonidine provides better postoperative analgesia and more sedation than midazolam.
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Epistaxis is one of the commonest ENT emergencies. It affects people of all ages, more commonly males. Bleeding may be due to local nasal pathology, systemic diseases, or sometimes no specific cause is found, which is called idiopathic epistaxis. ⋯ Epistaxis can be controlled very efficiently by electro or chemical cauterisation with the help of endoscopes, the source can be localised more efficiently. In cases of failure to localise or access of bleeding points, anterior and/or posterior nasal packing can control majority of nosebleeds. In majority of cases non-surgical interventions were sufficient.