Rozhledy v chirurgii : měsíčník Československé chirurgické společnosti
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Multiple trauma represents the most serious type of trauma in which the result of the treatment depends on the quality of pre-hospital care according to ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) as well as on the availability of emergency specialized care in traumatology centres. Resuscitation in the early post-injury phase involves prevention of the lethal triad (hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy) development, as early as during pre-hospital care and also during admission to a traumatology department (damage control resuscitation). Damage control resuscitation involves permissive hypotension and coagulopathy correction with red blood cells (RBCs), fresh frozen plasma and platelets administration with crystalloid solutions restriction. ⋯ Modern therapeutic strategies in mechanical ventilation (protective, non-invasive ventilation). 7. Integration of new imaging methods such as MDCT (Multidetector Computed Tomography). Ensuring complex management in polytrauma treatment requires active cooperation of numerous clinical disciplines, already in the early post-injury period.
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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCHCE) is connected with a different spectrum of postoperative complications than classic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to analyse the complications and define their relation to some chosen clinical and pathological factors and their incidence. ⋯ Our study proved the influence of the age of patients, the histopathological diagnosis, conversion and the perforation of gallbladder wall on the incidence of postoperative complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The incidence of bile duct injury, which is the most serious complication, in our group of patients is comparable with published literature.
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In the treatment of cholelithiasis in adults, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the method of first choice. There is plentiful literary evidence of the low complication incidence in this age group, but similar assessment is lacking in the paediatric population. In this work, the authors focus on cholelithiasis in children and the possible use of laparoscopy in the diagnostic - therapeutic scheme. ⋯ Intraoperative cholangiography in children and adolescents can be recommended as a safe and effective imaging modality for patients with preoperative evidence of biliary obstruction. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children and adolescents can be clearly recommended as an effective and safe surgical technique convenient for paediatric patients.
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Diverticular disease management represents a very topical issue with many unanswered questions as yet. Laparoscopic lavage and drainage in patients with acute diverticulitis is one of the controversial areas. Miniinvasive approach presents a possible treatment alternative for CT-guided percutaneous drainage and also for radical colon resection in the form of Hartmanns procedure or resection with primary anastomosis. MATERIAL A METHODS: The authors aim was the evaluation of patients with Hinchey II, III or IV diverticulitis treated by laparoscopic lavage and drainage, or by laparoscopic suture of the perforation, in a retrospective cohort study. The inclusion criterion for the study was laparoscopic lavage and drainage indication in patients with Hinchey II, III or IV diverticulitis. The primary aim of the study was laparoscopic treatment evaluation focused on leakage, if applicable, and on postoperative morbidity and mortality. ⋯ Laparoscopic exploration with thorough lavage, suture of the perforation and drainage presents a possible alternative in modern management of acute diverticulitis. The miniinvasive approach indication should be based both on careful, highly individualised and complex patient evaluation and on the departments experience.
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Intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures are a quite heterogeneous and imprecisely defined group of fractures. These fractures can be essentially divided into two basic groups. The first one belongs to trochanteric fractures. ⋯ Pseudoarthrosis or varus malalignment in a healed hip should be managed by valgus osteotomy. When the femoral head or the acetabulum is damaged, total hip arthroplasty is indicated. A prerequisite for successful surgical outcome is urgently and correctly performed osteosynthesis allowing for early rehabilitation and mobilisation of the patient.