Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
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This review permits assessment of whether sevoflurane complies with the requirements for an ideal inhalational anesthetic in neuroanesthesiology. It considers the pharmacokinetic characteristics of sevoflurane. The data of studies on animal and man are used to evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on the intracranial parameters of the central nervous system and on cerebral hemodynamics. Where possible, sevoflurane is compared with isoflurane that is currently regarded as the drug of choice in neuroanesthesia.
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Iatrogenic damage to the trachea in its intubation and during artificial lung ventilation ,is a rare, severe and commonly fatal complication in resuscitative care. The risk for tracheal damage increases in emergency, time shortage and hypoxia in a patient, while intubating with a double-lumen tube, using rigid mandrin guides without a safety limit stop, and having difficulties in intubating the patient due to his/her anatomic features. ⋯ When the trachea is ruptured, surgery is indicated for respiratory hemorrhage unstopped by inflating the cuff of an intubation tube and, perhaps, associated with the damage to a large vessel; for progressive gas syndrome, extensive rupture of the membranous part with the involvement of the tracheal bifurcation and main bronchus or with the interposition of paratracheal tissues; for a concomitant damage to the esophagus; for rupture of the tracheal membranous part during intubation before thoracotomy or for rupture detected during thoracotomy for another cause. Correct and timely care may eliminate this life-threatening iatrogenic complication, by yielding a good effect.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Mar 2006
Review[Perioperative management of patients during general endoprosthethic operations on the knee joint (a review of literature)].
Arthrosis deformans of the knee joint (gonarthrosis) is a common disease accompanied by pain syndrome and disability. Medical treatment of the disease ensures only a temporary analgesic effect and fails to restore the range of motion in the legs. General endoprosthetic operations on the knee joint can significantly improve the results of treatment, alleviate pain, and restore the patients' working capacity. ⋯ Different approaches to adequate anesthesia are considered in both intra- and postoperative period. Numerous references lead to the conclusion that many widely used anesthetic procedures (general inhalational and intravenous anesthesia, high-conduction anesthesia, etc.) are incompletely adequate during a general endoprosthetic repair of the knee joint. A number of authors state that spinal or combined spinal epidural anesthesia is the most adequate methods of intra- and postoperative anesthesia at general endoprosthetic repair of the knee joint.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Mar 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial[Effect of anesthesia with xenon and nitrous oxide with fentanyl on dynamics of cellular immunity and cytokines].
Immunological parameters were studied at randomization in 60 surgical patients during the similar operation--cholecystectomy made under combined endotracheal low-flow general anesthesia using N2O:O2+fentanyl in 32 patients and Xe:O2 in 28 patients. The time course of changes in cellular immunity and cytokines was closely related to the type of an anesthetic. ⋯ The differences in the action of the anesthetics were due to the fact that Xe had a greater narcotic potential, a protective action on neuroendocrine function, and no toxicity. Xe is indicated to patients with baseline immunodeficiency.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Mar 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial[Preoperative hypervolemic hemodilution with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0,4 (HES 130/ 0.4) solution as a way of reducing needs for donor blood transfusion].
The efficacy of hypervolemic hemodilution (HHD) in reducing the rate of donor blood transfusion is controversely discussed. The present prospective, randomized, clinical study analyzes the impact of HHD with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 solution on the rate transfusion, laboratory parameters, and the incidence of complications as compared with those in the control group receiving no preoperative HHD. ⋯ Preoperative HHD in patients undergoing surgery with expected >30% blood loss leads to decreased needs for blood transfusion. The method is safe and easy-to-use.